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Operation management of green ports and shipping networks: overview and research opportunities

Lu ZHEN, Dan ZHUGE, Liwen MURONG, Ran YAN, Shuaian WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 152-162 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0027-2

摘要： Global ports and maritime shipping networks are important carriers for global supply chain networks, but they are also the main sources of energy consumption and pollution. To limit ship emissions in ports and offshore areas, the International Maritime Organization, as well as some countries, has issued a series of policies. This study highlights the importance and necessity of investigating emergent research problems in the operation management of green ports and maritime shipping networks. Considerable literature related to this topic is reviewed and discussed. Moreover, a comprehensive research framework on green port and shipping operation management is proposed for future research opportunities. The framework mainly comprises four research areas related to emission control and grading policies. This review may provide new ideas to the academia and industry practitioners for improving the performance and efficiency of the operation management of green ports and maritime shipping networks.

关键词： maritime shipping port operations green port green shipping emission control areas

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Efficiency evaluation of government investment for air pollution control in city clusters: A case fromthe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 612-624 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0269-x

摘要： Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities. In China, the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality. While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China, concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments. To address this concern, we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China. Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes. Specifically, we focused on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas as a case study, as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents. The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions. Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency, while cities in Hebei Province require improvement. We identified scale inefficiency, which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment, as the main factor contributing to regional disparities. However, we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect. Furthermore, our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018. Investment-combined technical efficiency, which represents the investment strategy, is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency. Therefore, in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level, it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster. Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influencing factors can guide future investment measures and directions. This knowledge can also support policymaking for other projects involving substantial investments.

关键词： investment efficiency government investment air pollution control three-stage DEA-Malmquist model

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Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental

Zhaoxing HAN, Zhenyao SHEN, Yongwei GONG, Qian HONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 119-129 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0272-z

摘要： Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.

关键词： emission trading water functional zone water quality control

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Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1714-0

摘要：

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition.

关键词： Emission control Secondary organic aerosol Atmospheric oxidizing capacity Holiday effects COVID-19 lockdown

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Air pollutant control and strategy in coal-fired power industry for promotion of China’s emission reduction

Weiliang WANG, Bo LI, Xuan YAO, Junfu LYU, Weidou NI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 307-316 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0620-4

摘要： Coal-fired power industry has always been the major power source in China. As coal-fired power industry consumes around a half of China’s coal production, it is always thought to be a big air pollutant emission source. As more and more strict legislations in coal-fired power industry have been issued by the government, the emission performance in coal-fired power industry has been drastically reduced recently. Based on a brief review of the development of emission control in China’s coal-fired power industry, the affecting mechanism among the development of installed capacities of emission control device, pollutant emission, and emission performances in coal-fired power industry is studied. According to a systematic study on the development of emissions of classified categories, the role of coal-fired power industry as a pollutant source is reevaluated. It is found that, coal-fired power industry has contributed the most to China’s emission reduction, and the barycenter of air pollutant emission has been transformed to other high energy consumption industries, like heat, iron/steel, and cement. Then some development strategies are suggested, such as maintaining the current emission standard in coal-fired power industry; expending the coal-fired power emission standards to categories of heat generation and supply, nonmetallic mineral production and ferrous metals smelting and processing; and controlling other heavy metal by consulting the method of Hg control.

关键词： coal-fired power industry energy intensive industries pollutant emission control NO_x SO₂ soot

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The development of pollution control technology in coal combustion in China

XU Xuchang, ZHANG Hu, ZHUO Yuqun, TONG Huiling, WANG Shujuan, LI Yan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 9-15 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0002-1

摘要： The recent development of coal combustion pollution control technologies in China, including desulphurization, denitrification, particulate matters and heavy metals emission control technologies, have been reviewed. The development histories and the advantages of China s self-developed technologies have been introduced in detail. The key points of future research and development in coal combustion pollution control, e.g., combined emission control and CO emission control technologies, have also been discussed.

关键词： development CO emission desulphurization future research emission

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南方农产品产地主要环境问题成因与防治策略

黄彩红, 席北斗, 唐朱睿, 袁文超

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第5期页码 52-56 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.008

摘要：

随着我国经济的快速发展，大量污染物进入农产品产地环境并逐渐超过其容量限制，引发诸多环境问题，污染事件层出不穷，农产品产量下降、质量降低，严重影响我国农业生产和农村经济的可持续发展。南方地区城镇化起步早、发展快，初期经济发展均以牺牲环境为代价，特别是土壤重金属污染问题突出，同时南方地区广泛分布的酸雨污染则强化了问题的严重性。本文以长江沿岸的主要农产品产地为研究对象，系统论述了水、土、气等多种环境要素的质量现状，并基于自然因素与人类活动影响探讨了污染成因，提出环境污染防治策略，对于提升南方农产品产地环境污染治理的科学性，保障农业可持续发展、农产品质量安全、生态环境安全和人民群众健康安全都具有重要意义。

关键词：南方农产品产地环境污染防治策略

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Transient emission simulation and optimization of turbocharged diesel engine

Lingge SUI, Zhongchang LIU, Yongqiang HAN, Jing TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 237-244 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0251-0

摘要： In order to alleviate the pressure of experimental research of turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations, a whole process simulation platform for turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations was established based on the multi-software coupling technologies of Matlab/Simulink, GT-Power, STAR-CD and artificial neural network. Aimed at the contradiction of NO and soot emission control with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of turbocharged diesel engine under transient operations, on this simulation platform, a transient EGR valve control strategy was proposed, which adjusted the EGR valve in adjacent level based on the feedback of its opening according soot control limit under transient operations. Simulation and experimental results prove that the transient emission optimization effect of this control strategy is obvious. On the one hand, compared with the previous control strategy, which closed the EGR valve during the whole transient operations, soot emission is slightly increased by 9.5%, but it is still 9% lower than the control limit. On the other hand, compared with the previous control strategy, NO transient emission is reduced by 44%.

关键词： diesel engine transient simulation emission control strategy exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

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我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇功能研究

佘玮,黄璜,官春云,陈阜,陈光辉

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.013

摘要：

我国是一个农业大国，研究我国典型农作区作物生产碳汇对于估算区域碳收支和制定应对气候变化的管理政策有重要的意义。全国6个典型农作区中主要农作物生产整体表现为碳汇。同一区域内不同作物的碳汇量差异明显，同一作物在不同区域之间差异显著。全国年土壤有机碳储量整体表现为碳汇，不同区域年土壤有机碳储量的范围为–2.07 TgC·y–1~19.95 TgC·y–1。

关键词：作物生产固碳减排措施碳汇功能

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论钢铁行业能耗、物耗、排放的宏观调控

陆钟武,蔡九菊,杜涛,岳强,高成康,王鹤鸣

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第5期页码 126-132

摘要：

强调了对钢铁行业能耗、物耗和排放进行深入、透彻研究的重要性，说明了本研究工作的指导思想、思维方式和理论基础，构思了一张钢铁行业宏观调控网络图，推导了一组多比值计算式；它们都是进行精准、有效的宏观调控所必备的理论工具。回顾过去，确定了我国钢铁行业能耗高、物耗高、排放高的主要原因；展望未来，提出了今后调控工作的原则、方向和长远目标。本文初次阐明了钢铁行业宏观调控的理论和方法。

关键词：钢铁行业；钢产量；能耗、物耗、排放；宏观调控网络图；宏观调控计算式

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我国汽车与环境协同发展进程中主要矛盾与发展方向研究

吴潇萌, 吴烨, 郝吉明

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 74-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.011

摘要：

本文对我国目前汽车的污染物排放特征进行了研究，对各类汽车污染物排放的历史数据进行了分析、总结与建模，对未来排放趋势进行了预测，并对我国未来汽车与环境协同发展进程中的瓶颈与主要矛盾进行了总结与梳理，提出了适用于我国的汽车与环境协同发展路线与重点发展方向，给出了相应的发展建议与控制对策。

关键词：汽车强国协同发展汽车排放控制

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Studies on exposure status of inhabitants to water-arsenic valence states in areas with endemic arsenism

LI Jun, CHENG Xiaotian, WANG Zhenghui, WEN Xinping, HAN Lingling, SANG Zhiping, ZHANG Jie, DUAN Hushun, LIANG Binfeng, GAO Jianguo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 219-222 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0042-2

摘要： This study aimed to describe the distribution of water-arsenic (As) valence states and its relationship to areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin. Drinking water samples of patients with endemic arsenism and a control group were examined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). We analyzed the data using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The As(III)/As ratio was 52.1% in the water sample, exceeding the national standard of 0.05 mg/L. The As(III)/As ratio significantly varied among the different stages in the disease-state groups, and with the control group ( = 22.4, P<0.01). The As(III)/As(V) ratio significantly varied in the four groups ( = 26.19, P<0.01), with a tendency to increase along with the seriousness of the disease state. The most common type of drinking water arsenic valence state was As(III) in the endemic disease-areas. Endemic arsenism was positively correlated with As(III). This led us to conclude that the fraction of each water-arsenic valence state should be studied when determining the arsenic content of drinking water.

关键词： control fluorescence spectrometry endemic arsenism tendency different

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Preliminary study of trace element emissions and control during coal combustion

ZHANG Junying, ZHAO Yongchun, DING Feng, ZENG Hancai, ZHENG Chuguang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 273-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0038-2

摘要： Hazardous trace element emissions have caused serious harm to human health in China. Several typical high-toxic trace element coals were collected from different districts and were used to investigate the emission characteristics of toxic trace elements (As, Se, Cr, Hg) and to explore preliminary control methods. Coal combustion tests were conducted in several bench-scale furnaces including drop tube furnace (DTF), circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion furnace, and fixed-bed combustion furnace. Calcium oxide was used to control the emission of arsenic and selenium. The granular activated carbons (AC) and activated-carbon fibers (ACF) were used to remove mercury in the flue gas from coal combustion. The chemical composition and trace element contents of ash and particulate matter (PM) were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. The speciation and concentration of mercury were investigated using the Ontario-Hydro method. X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) was used to determine the mineral composition of production during combustion experiments. With the addition of a calcium-based sorbent, arsenic concentration in PM sharply decreased from 0.25–0.11 mg/m. In fixed-bed combustion of coal, the retention rates of selenium volatiles were between 11.6% and 50.7% using lime. In the circulating fluidized-bed combustion of coal, the content of selenium in ash from the chimney was reduced to one-fourth of its original value and that in leaching water from the chimney decreased by two orders of magnitude using lime. Calcium-based sorbent is an effective additive to control the emission of As and Se during coal combustion. The emission of chromium is influenced by the occurrence mode of Cr in coal. Chromium emission in PM during coal combustion is 55.5 and 34.7 μg/m for Shenbei coal and mixed Pingdingshan coal, respectively. The adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon for Hg is significantly enhanced through ZnCl-impregnation. The activated carbon fibers showed decent efficiency in mercury adsorption, on which surface oxygen complex showed positive effects on mercury adsorption.

关键词： Pingdingshan occurrence plasma-atomic emission chemical composition Several typical

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Highlights of special issue on ‘Agriculture in Water-Limited Areas’

Pute WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 123-125 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017147

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Permitted emissions of major air pollutants from coal-fired power plants in China based on best available control

Xiaohui Song, Chunlai Jiang, Yu Lei, Yuezhi Zhong, Yanchao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1065-4

摘要：

We proposed the SO₂ and NO_xemission performance standards for coal-fired power plants based on the best available control technology.

The CFPGUs’ SO₂ emission performance reference values should be 0.34 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.13 g/kWh for newly built units and active units in key areas.

The CFPGUs’ NO_x emission performance standard reference values should be 0.35 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.175 g/kWh for new units and active units in key areas.

关键词： Coal-fired power-generating units (CFPGU) Emission performance Best available control technology